What is an IoT gateway
The Internet of Things gateway, in the new semester, will play a very important role in the future of the Internet of Things era. It will become the link between the connected sensor network and the traditional communication network. As a dispositivo de puerta de enlace, la pasarela IoT can realize protocol conversion between sensing network and communication network, as well as different types of sensor networks. Not only can wide-area interconnection be achieved. LAN interconnection can also be achieved. The IoT gateway also needs device management functions. Operators can manage the underlying sensing nodes through the Pasarela IoT device, understand the relevant information of each node, and achieve remote control. The schematic diagram shows the typical topology of the IoT gateway for building the IoT.
Complete the basic concept of IoT gateway, and then say, where is the IoT gateway application?
Here we mainly focus on two aspects, one is the application level of the Internet of Things, and the second is the application in real scenarios.
IoT gateway application in real-life scenarios
Application Example 1: Smart home network gateways are also typical web applications used by families. Nowadays, many domestic household devices come in more and more forms. Some devices have remote control functions, such as air conditioners, TVs, etc., while others do not have this capability, such as water heaters, microwave ovens, rice cookers, refrigerators, etc. The device can even be controlled remotely, and the control range is limited. and these devices exist in isolation from each other. Resource and information sharing cannot be effectively achieved. With the development of Internet technology, especially Internet gateway technology becoming more and more mature, the connection problems of smart home devices will be solved. The home Pasarela de Internet de las Cosas serves as the core device for building home informatization and intelligence. will play a very important role. This is a very typical IoT gateway application. It can connect more smart devices to the home field. Home networks are formed within families. Enable resource and information sharing for home devices. In addition, the IoT gateway in the home also plays the role of home telecommunications network and external network interface, providing value-added and control functions for various home network services. Telecommunications networks that enable the expansion of home network communication networks within the home network become an expansion of the home wide area network world. Figure 4 shows the structure of a typical smart home IoT. In the picture, electrical equipment such as televisions, washing machines, air conditioners, refrigerators, etc. Access control security equipment, smoke detection devices, cameras, lighting equipment such as table lamps, chandeliers, electric curtains, etc. are integrated through specific communication modules into a single self-organized network system. The Internet of Things in home gateway devices integrates several sets of communication protocols using ad hoc networks, and devices or systems using different protocols can often be used to communicate at the same time. Users only need a gateway. You can control all smart devices in your home to connect to the gateway. In addition, the home IoT gateway also integrates 9th cdma2000/EV. D0 and the Internet can be used by people to connect to the outside world in a wide area. In this way, through the home IoT gateway device, home devices can be manipulated and controlled from anywhere in the world, greatly improving convenience and applicability. Relying on the Internet gateway’s heterogeneous network protocol conversion capabilities, perception, and even mutual collaboration between different subsystems can be achieved. In a security alarm system, for example, in addition to controlling the door lock system, the lighting system is dynamically controlled and can be fully turned on, or flashed, allowing thieves to hide something. This kind of information sharing and cooperation across application systems is the essence of the Internet of Things.
Application Example 2: Power Industry In power applications, for example. Applications of Pasarelas IoT in power systems include transmission line monitoring and meter reading systems. Wireless sensor network (WSN) products can be used to monitor large-span parameters such as pressure, temperature and vibration of power transmission lines. Each sensor node is deployed on a high-voltage transmission conductor and is fixed on the transmission tower and gateway, thus overcoming the electromagnetic shielding, interference working frequency, corona interference, power supply and other technologies of the online monitoring device in the ultra-high voltage and high current environment The problem has been solved for a long time, and the key technical issues guiding ground breeze vibration sensing technology, wireless data transmission, multi-parameter monitoring and information integration have been solved. With outstanding features, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) power system provides a broader and complete solution, and at the same time, is a flexible, open, and configurable wireless sensor network technology platform to meet the specific needs of the development and application of the power industry. , it is possible to make timely, accurate and low-cost power system monitoring and control. A sensor used for monitoring sensor nodes contains more, such as pressure, temperature, vibration sensors, if according to the traditional way, each sensor is configured with a remote mobile communication module. High power consumption not only increases labor costs and maintenance. And occupy a large amount of network resources, reducing the efficiency of network use. The IoT gateway device uses adjacent sensor nodes to transmit data through the same gateway, thus greatly reducing the number of sensors and network space and resources, so that the nodes can also use a smaller power consumption short-distance transmission based protocol. It extends the manual battery replacement cycle. At the same time, through the remote management function of the Internet of Things gateway, it monitors node energy consumption, provides fault warning, remote diagnosis and management functions, helping humans save a lot of power system maintenance costs.
There is no one that is widely used in power remote meter reading systems. The traditional method is to equip each instrument with a GSM/GPRs/CDMA data module. This equipment is not only costly to deploy, but also requires a large number of transporter information sources. But every digital resource and data traffic application is short of any kind of operation that increases the load on the network. Normal voice and data services may be affected. For power systems, the use of these digital resources is also a large cost. After using an Internet gateway, you can build a gateway deployment. After the meter information is collected, it goes from the gateway to the gateway power system through the network management platform, which greatly reduces the cost of the power system, reduces the operator’s network operation pressure, and improves efficiency. In addition to the meter reading function itself, there are powerful management functions through the IoT gateway. You can also monitor the running status of each meter reading terminal node, perform remote maintenance, and save labor maintenance costs with a large number of peripheral nodes.
Application level of IoT gateway in IoT
(1) The wide area access layer provides a variety of north channel interfaces to connect to the communication network. Such as CDMA, Wi. Fi, ADSL, etc., can be a separate network connection. A network suitable for a specific network environment. A variety of visits can also be provided. Suitable for fixed or mobile network environments.
(2) The protocol conversion module of this layer and the control layer provides standard formats for protocol conversion from sensing to telecommunications network and data encapsulation uploaded by the protocol adapter layer. The wide-area access layer distributed data is unpacked into a standard format data: at the same time, the built-in management protocol (such as China Telecom MDMP) is connected to the implementation and management platform to realize the protocol parsing and conversion of the management protocol into a perception layer protocol that can be recognized Signals and control instructions.
(3) Protocol Adaptation Layer The adaptation layer defines the standard perception layer 13, ensuring that protocols with the perception layer can pass the adaptation layer into a unified format for data and signals. (4) Realize that the access layer implements different network protocol access and parsing. According to the application field, it can be a specific protocol. It may be for certain kinds of protocol groups, and it may even be possible to implement multi-protocol extensions through inference modules. Achieving integrated access capabilities is particularly important for public services in application areas. Implement the IoT gateway device according to the structure to meet the basic requirements described earlier.