As an important support for modern agriculture, the agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) technology system realizes the intelligence, refinement, and high efficiency of agricultural production by integrating a variety of advanced equipment and technologies. The core structure of this system includes a sensing layer, a transmission layer, a data processing and storage layer, an application layer, a decision support system, and a security and privacy protection component. The key components, challenges, and future development directions are discussed in detail below from a technical perspective.
1. Waarnemingslaag
The sensing layer is the foundation of the agricultural IoT and is responsible for collecting real-time data on the agricultural environment and crop growth through sensors and other devices, including soil monitoring, environmental data, crop health, and other parameters. Real-time and accurate data collection provides the data foundation for the efficient operation of agricultural IoT systems. At the same time, these sensors need to have high sensitivity, low power consumption and environmental adaptability to meet the needs of complex farmland environments.
2. Transmission layer
The data collected in the sensing layer is transmitted to the data processing center through the transmission layer. The core of this layer is to build a stable and efficient data communication network. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), cellular networks, and satellite communications are used to build a seamless communication channel from the field to the cloud, ensuring real-time and complete data.
3. Data processing and storage layer
The data processing and storage layer is responsible for storing and processing the transmitted data, and the core objective is to extract valuable information from massive data. The main technologies include cloud computing, edge computing, big data technology, etc. Combined with the time series analysis model, it can predict the weather trend, so as to optimize the planting and harvesting plan.
4. Application layer
The application layer is the core of user interaction with the system, providing a convenient operator interface and a rich set of functions, such as monitoring and management, automation control, alarms and reminders. This layer greatly improves the transparency and controllability of the agricultural production process and provides users with an intuitive and efficient production management tool.
5. Decision support system
Decision support system is the intelligent core of the Internet of Agricultural Things (IoA), which utilizes artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to provide scientific decision support to farmers. Combined with neural network models, the system enables precise fertilization recommendations to improve crop yield and quality.
6. Security and privacy protection
IoT systems in agriculture deal with large amounts of sensitive data and their security is critical. Technical measures such as data encryption, access control, and data integrity checking can be applied to protect privacy and enhance the reliability and sustainability of the system.
Agricultural Internet of Things Solutions
IOTRouter utilizes edge computing gateway and remote IO controller to propose an agriculture IOT solution with the advantages of lightweight delivery, multi-protocol support, configured display, and low-cost maintenance. The system is mainly composed of agricultural data acquisition system, data transmission and processing system, equipment control system and greenhouse background management system. Environmental parameters such as air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, light, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium values, carbon dioxide, etc. are collected in the greenhouse greenhouse in real time through sensors, and the data transmission, processing and remote control of equipment are carried out through edge computing gateway, so as to achieve the purpose of automatically adjusting the environment of crops. You can also monitor and manage the greenhouse at any time by logging in through your cell phone or computer, realizing easy and efficient agricultural production applications.
1）Data acquisition and remote control
1.Through the EG8000mini edge gateway, it can access a variety of sensors such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration, soil temperature and humidity, ambient temperature and humidity, foliage temperature and humidity, illumination, CO2 concentration and so on.
2. Through the 485 serial port can be more than one ET1010 and EG8000mini connection, so that the EG8000mini has multiple DO control ability, can realize the greenhouse system in the fan, pump, water curtain, roller shutter and other electrical equipment remote control and automation control.
3. EG8000mini also provides LAN transmission function, through the remote way to debug the LAN video surveillance, routers and other equipment, to facilitate the remote commissioning and maintenance of the system.
4. It supports remote visualization and drag-and-drop programming, and can remotely edit the local operation logic of the gateway.
2) IOT platform management and data display
1.Provide 1 set of background IoT platform, which can quickly realize data analysis and processing, visualization and equipment management of IoT.
2.The platform supports MQTT, HTTP, TCP, UDP, CoAP or connecting to any device through proprietary protocols, supports data format edge conversion, and can easily realize data docking with upper-level applications.
3.The IOT platform has rich configuration functions, which can easily realize the large screen display of greenhouse greenhouse data such as air temperature, air humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, soil temperature, soil humidity, soil conductivity, etc. by drag-and-drop, saving the large screen development workload.
4.The system supports remote access to the local area network, remote equipment debugging, drag-and-drop programming, maintenance without the need to go down to the scene, reducing maintenance costs.
The above solution, through the combination of IoT platform + edge computing gateway products, can easily and efficiently carry out the operation and management of smart agricultural greenhouses at low cost.
Conclusie
Agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) technology injects a strong technological impetus into modern agriculture through sensing, transmission, analysis and application. Its comprehensive coverage of the whole process from field monitoring to intelligent decision-making has pushed agriculture forward in the direction of digitalization, intelligence and sustainability. On the basis of solving the current challenges, the Internet of Things in agriculture is bound to further deepen its application globally, helping to realize the goals of food security and ecological protection.
