In recent years, with the development and popularization of the Internet of Things, private network Internet of Things (P-IoT) technology has gradually developed in response to the needs of industry users. First, a brief introduction to the technical system and key performance of P-IoT is given. On this basis, the innovative application of P-IoT in three typical scenarios in the emergency field is analyzed. Finally, the innovative application direction of the Internet of Things in the future is discussed. Outlook.
введение
In the past 2018, the IoT (Internet of Things, Internet of Things) industry has been developing very well. Whether it is foreign Amazon, Google, Microsoft, or domestic Alibaba Group, Tencent, Baidu, major IT giants have deployed the Internet of Things, and blockbuster moves have continued. According to IDC forecast: global IoT spending will reach US$745 billion in 2019, maintain a double-digit annual growth rate from 2019 to 2022, and exceed the US$1 trillion mark in 2022 [1]. While mainstream IoT technologies such as NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things), LoRa[3], Sigfox[4], etc. are constantly developing, they are focusing on industry users’ concerns about the security, reliability, and QoS ( P-IoT arising from special needs such as Quality of Service (Quality of Service)
(Private-Internet of Things, Private Internet of Things) technology has quietly emerged and has been applied in multiple vertical fields such as public security, justice, emergency response, industry and commerce, etc.
On the other hand, our country established the Ministry of Emergency Management last year. Under the new major emergency system, whether it is safety supervision, fire protection, forest defense, earthquake rescue, drought and flood prevention, disaster prevention and relief, they are all closely related to the safety of life and property of the country and the people [6]. Currently, emergency industry users integrate multiple sensing methods and aggregate and analyze sensing data such as the Internet of Things to support the development of various services such as monitoring and early warning, assessment and supervision in the emergency field. While technology continues to evolve, the problems faced by industry users are becoming increasingly comprehensive and complex. Their special requirements for the reliability and real-time performance of the Internet of Things cannot be perfectly solved by relying solely on mainstream IoT technology. Therefore, P-IoT technology that meets the IoT needs of emergency industry users is needed to solve industry pain points. This article will next focus on typical innovative applications of P-IoT technology in the emergency field.
P-IoT Overview
P-IoT and NB-IoT are equivalent to private network LTE and public network LTE. Build your own “Internet of Things LAN”. The petroleum exploration and chemical energy industry, which has high requirements on safety and reliability and electromagnetic environment, is suitable for private network IoT. For ordinary enterprise-level customers, LoRa can also be used as a private network of things.
P-IoT technology is a low-power IoT device based on private network mobile communication VHF (Very High Frequency, very high frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency, ultra high frequency) licensed spectrum, with high, medium and low speed multiple data transmission capabilities. Consumption of Internet of Things technology. P-IoT is a value-added service of a dedicated digital trunking communication system. On the basis of meeting users’ rigid voice needs, it provides solutions for users’ expanded applications in the Internet of Things.
First of all, P-IoT can ensure the high reliability requirements of industry users for the network. P-IoT can achieve independent network control due to its own private network characteristics. For example, in the emergency field, when major disasters occur, P-IoT can meet the actual needs of emergency users for rescue and disaster relief due to the dedicated characteristics of the private network IoT. At the same time, P-IoT works in a dedicated authorized frequency band, which is not prone to mutual interference. Key data is transmitted under ideal channel conditions, and data reliability can be fully guaranteed.
Secondly, P-IoT technology can provide high-timeliness QoS guarantee for the key businesses of industry users. The characteristics of the P-IoT technology private network determine that it does not focus on network fairness like the public network IoT technology. It focuses more on how to set key data to a high-priority business level and provide dedicated business channels and other guarantees. Measures are taken to protect it, and the delay can reach hundreds of milliseconds, ensuring the timeliness requirements for critical data transmission in monitoring and early warning applications in the emergency field.
Thirdly, P-IoT can ensure the high security requirements of industry users for the network. Since the private network infrastructure is private, P-IoT has natural physical isolation characteristics compared with public network IoT such as NB-IoT. At the same time, through various encryption methods such as air interface encryption, link encryption, and end-to-end encryption, P-IoT can meet the differentiated needs of private network users for different security levels of IoT data.
In addition, P-IoT is also very technically competitive in terms of key indicators that measure the quality of IoT technology, such as coverage capabilities, terminal energy consumption, system capacity, etc. P-IoT also has certain advantages in terms of independent controllability, smooth expansion, business compatibility, and standard internationalization.
P-IoT uses the VHF and UHF narrowband licensed spectrum of industry users to provide diversified private network IoT services to industry users through multiple transmission modes [6]. While meeting the requirements of the Internet of Things for long-distance wireless access technology such as low power consumption, wide coverage, and massive connections, P-IoT is an exclusive communication pipeline built on industry private networks. P-IoT has the characteristics of independence and controllability. It has significant advantages in security, reliability, terminal power consumption and other aspects, and is more in line with the special needs of users in the private network industry [7-9]. At present, P-IoT has been used in actual combat in emergency fields such as petrochemical industry, forest fire prevention, and geological disaster rescue [10]. These application cases strongly prove the advancement, practicability, and effectiveness of P-IoT technology. At the same time, literature [10] points out that ad hoc network technology can be used as a backup or extension network for private networks in emergency scenarios. By combining P-IoT technology with ad hoc network technology, the network will have the advantages of security and reliability of private networks and flexibility and invulnerability of ad hoc networks, pointing out the direction for the development and evolution of P-IoT technology.
The significance of P-IoT ad hoc network model
The P-IoT self-organizing network mode refers to a working mode in which a large number of P-IoT terminals communicate with each other in an orderly manner and automatically form a large-area coverage network. The P-IoT self-organizing network mode has the following characteristics:
(1) Self-organization and independent networking. The P-IoT self-organizing network model does not require any pre-established wireless communication infrastructure. All nodes coordinate their own behaviors through a layered protocol system and distributed algorithms. Nodes can network quickly, autonomously and independently.
(2) Multi-hop routing. Due to the limitation of the wireless transmission power of each node, the coverage of each node is limited. Communication between nodes outside the effective coverage must be completed through multi-hop forwarding by intermediate nodes. Packet forwarding in the P-IoT ad hoc network mode is collaboratively completed by multi-hop nodes according to routing protocols.
(3) Dynamic topology. The P-IoT self-organizing network mode allows specific types of nodes to enter a dormant state when there is no data reporting. At the same time, individual nodes in the network may be down due to technical failures, natural causes, etc. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the network, P-IoT The IoT ad hoc network mode supports dynamic changes in network topology.
Based on the above characteristics, the P-IoT self-organizing network mode can complete the flexible networking of terminals and complete coverage of the target area without a base station, and can meet the needs of key information collection in areas without network coverage, such as when applied to Special scenarios where base station signal coverage is poor, such as earthquake-stricken areas, mining tunnels, and subway tunnels. On the other hand, the P-IoT ad hoc network mode can interconnect the ad hoc network with external systems through the coordinator node in the network, open up the data channel between the target area and the outside, and transmit key data information in the target area back to The data center facilitates the rear to understand the real-time situation of the target area. At the same time, it combines the historical data in the database and uses big data technology to conduct data analysis and comparison and future situation prediction. For example, in geological disaster rescue scenarios, P-IoT terminals in self-organizing network mode are used to transmit on-site environmental monitoring data, rescuer monitoring and management data, material monitoring and management data, etc. to the on-site command center, making it easier for the commander to issue instructions after comprehensive analysis. .