A brief discussion on the development of Internet of Things technology in the telecommunications field

1 Overview of Internet of Things

1.1 Definition of Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is an information carrier such as the Internet and traditional telecommunications networks, which allows all ordinary objects that can perform independent functions to achieve interconnection and interoperability [1]. In essence, since the foundation and core of the Internet of Things are still based on the Internet, the Internet needs to be upgraded based on a series of technologies such as IPv6 and Web3.0 to meet the needs of the Internet of Things. Therefore, the Internet of Things can also be regarded as a networking application and communication capability built on the network.

1.2 Characteristics and functions of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things uses radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identi-fication, RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, gas sensors, one-dimensional codes, two-dimensional codes and other technologies and information sensing Equipment connects objects to various networks such as the Internet for information exchange and communication, and enables information interaction between objects and objects and between objects and people. At the same time, it supports intelligent information applications, realizes the comprehensive integration of information infrastructure and physical infrastructure, and ultimately forms a unified intelligent infrastructure. On the Internet of Things, everyone can use electronic tags to connect real objects through the network, and their specific locations can be found on the Internet of Things. Through the Internet of Things, a central computer can be used to centrally manage and control machines, equipment, and personnel. It can also remotely control home equipment and cars, search for locations, prevent items from being stolen, and other similar automated control systems. At the same time, these data are collected and aggregated into big data. These collected big data can be applied to various basic tasks to improve society, such as reducing car accidents, disaster prediction, crime prevention, epidemic control, etc., causing major changes in society.

2 Development status of Internet of Things at home and abroad

2.1 The development status of the international Internet of Things From the perspective of the development of the entire information industry and the continuous improvement of the level of needs of human society, the Internet of Things has become an inevitable trend in industrial development and an inevitable requirement for mankind to pursue a smart society. Just like the emergence of mobile phones and the Internet, it will definitely bring about earth-shaking changes to human daily life and social progress. Therefore, countries around the world have stepped up their research on the basic theory and practical applications of the Internet of Things. Among them, Japan, the United States and the European Union have already advanced their Internet of Things technology, including standard establishment, chip design, terminal hardware, application development, etc. In a leading position in the world.

2.1.1 Japan Japan was the first country in the world to propose a “ubiquitous” strategy in 2004, namely “U-Japan”. The main connotation of this strategy is to create a more convenient Internet environment nationwide, focusing on construction and utilization, building a “ubiquitous” network, people-oriented, and realizing connections between everyone and people, things and things, and people and things. Meet the network connectivity needs of everyone and everything anytime, anywhere. During the Asian financial crisis in 2008, 90% of Japan’s population had access to broadband or ultra-high-speed broadband, and 82% of the population began to understand the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) in solving social problems. After the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident caused by the earthquake in 2013, there was a shortage of power supply. Smart grid is an important application of Internet of Things technology. It can use many sensing devices to detect and collect the power supply status of the supply side and the power supply of the user side. Condition of use. This information can be used to adjust the production, transmission and distribution of electricity, and adjust the power consumption of home appliances and corporate users, thereby saving energy, reducing losses, and enhancing grid reliability. After the disaster, the Japanese government further accelerated the research and promotion of smart grids. Currently, Japan’s IoT technology has been applied in disaster response, safety management, public services, smart grids and other fields.

2.1.2 The United States The United States is the world leader in IPv6, the key technology of the Internet of Things. Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has a huge number of address resources. Programs using IPv6 can communicate with almost all access devices. It also has a faster routing mechanism, better business performance, and higher security. Series advantages. In the past decade, IPv6 has become an important foundation for the development of IoT technology. Currently, the United States leads the world in the number of IPv6 users, website content, and network products. The latest IPv6 statistics show that the total number of IPv6 users in the United States exceeds that of any other country in the world, and the user proportion is close to 40%. In terms of website content, among the 10 most popular Internet websites in the world, five of them, Google, Facebook, YouTube, Yahoo and Wikipedia, are all affiliated to American companies or organizations. In terms of operator access, according to Akamai’s report, among the six operators that account for 86% of the company’s IPv6 requests, they include Verizon Wireless, AT&T and Comcast. The report also said that more than 73% of the IPv6 addresses it saw came from the United States.

2.1.3 European Union The EU’s IoT vision is to establish a human-centric European IoT single market and continue to invest in an innovative IoT ecosystem. In March 2015, driven by the European Commission, the EU established the Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI), with the aim of combining the IoT technologies and resources of EU member states to create a vibrant of the European IoT ecosystem. From 2014 to 2017, the EU invested a total of 192 million euros in research and innovation on the Internet of Things. The current key areas for the development of the EU’s Internet of Things include smart cities, smart agriculture, reverse logistics (waste product recycling or e-commerce goods replacement and repair services), smart grids and smart water resources management, etc. In the “Large-Scale Pilot Plan for the Internet of Things” released by the European Union in 2015, various good ideas and proposals from the Internet of Things industry were widely solicited in order to further focus on broadening and developing the Internet of Things.

2.2 Current status of IoT development among domestic operators At present, all major operators in my country have gradually carried out relevant research and development in the field of IoT. China Mobile has successfully built a Machine to Machine (M2M) operation platform and formulated the WMMP protocol to standardize terminal equipment connected to the platform. China Telecom has formulated the MDMP protocol on the M2M platform to standardize access equipment on the M2M platform. China Unicom is also carrying out research and development of Internet of Things technology and has made successful attempts in urban applications, video surveillance, automobile intelligence and other fields [4]. Judging from the development of the domestic IoT market, as of the end of 2015, the number of IoT connected users of the three major operators was close to 100 million, of which China Mobile had nearly 70 million, China Unicom had approximately 20 million, and China Telecom had approximately 10 million households.

Each major operator has formulated different operating strategies based on its own circumstances. As the operator with the highest domestic IoT market share, China Mobile focuses on the three major areas of Internet of Vehicles, Industrial Internet and Smart Elderly Care. China Unicom positions the Internet of Vehicles as the Internet of People, that is, designing Internet of Vehicles products according to people’s Internet needs and business models, while focusing on NB-IoT. China Telecom, on the other hand, is building an effective and collaborative Internet of Things, focusing on industries, focusing on entry, effective investment, and forming economies of scale. At the same time, it has launched a network evolution action plan to achieve complementary development of Cat1, eMTC and NB-IoT services.

Prospects for the application of the Internet of Things in the telecommunications field

Since communication operators not only have the most extensive and comprehensive basic network in China, but also have a large number of government and enterprise customers, they are most capable of becoming the dominant players in the industry in the future Internet of Things era, and the number of network connections will eventually increase. It has replaced the number of users as a new indicator to measure operator growth. According to the latest report titled “Mobile Operators and Digital Transformation” released by GSMA Intelligence and China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), by 2020, the total number of M2M connections in China will reach 1 billion households, most of which are based on the development of the Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) market. The research report released by the GSMA defines seven low-power wide-area technology application categories: agriculture and environment, consumer electronics, industry, logistics, smart buildings, smart cities, and public utilities.